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In cases where we see SAML token signing certificate compromise, there are cases where the specific mechanism by which the actor gains access to the certificate has not been determined. stolen passwords) or by forging SAML tokens using compromised SAML token signing certificates. In actions observed at the Microsoft cloud, attackers have either gained administrative access using compromised privileged account credentials (e.g. Microsoft detects the main implant and its other components as Solorigate. to prepare possible second-stage payloads, move laterally in the organization, and compromise or exfiltrate data.
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The malicious DLL calls out to a remote network infrastructure using the domains.
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Microsoft security researchers observed malicious code from the attacker activated only when running under process context for the DLL samples currently analyzed. NET Assembly cache folder (when compiled) %WINDIR%\System32\config\systemprofile\AppData\Local\assembly\tmp\\.dll SolarWinds Orion installation folder, for example, %PROGRAMFILES%\SolarWinds\Orion\.dll.
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Afterwards, the main implant installs as a Windows service and as a DLL file in the following path using afolder with different names: The DLL then loads from the installation folder of the SolarWinds application. The certificate details with the signer hash are shown below: Microsoft already removed these certificates from its trusted list. The attackers have compromised signed libraries that used the target companies’ own digital certificates, attempting to evade application control technologies. Organizations are misled into believing that no malicious activity has occurred and that the program or application dependent on the libraries is behaving as expected. While updating the SolarWinds application, the embedded backdoor code loads before the legitimate code executes. Microsoft security researchers currently have limited information about how the attackers compromised these platforms.
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This backdoor can be distributed via automatic update platforms or systems in target networks. Activity Description Initial AccessĪlthough we do not know how the backdoor code made it into the library, from the recent campaigns, research indicates that the attackers might have compromised internal build or distribution systems of SolarWinds, embedding backdoor code into a legitimate SolarWinds library with the file name .dll.
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Using the global administrator account and/or the trusted certificate to impersonate highly privileged accounts, the actor may add their own credentials to existing applications or service principals, enabling them to call APIs with the permission assigned to that application.ĭue to the critical nature of this activity, Microsoft is sharing the following information to help detect, protect, and respond to this threat.Because the SAML tokens are signed with their own trusted certificate, the anomalies might be missed by the organization. Anomalous logins using the SAML tokens created by the compromised token signing certificate can then be made against any on-premises resources (regardless of identity system or vendor) as well as to any cloud environment (regardless of vendor) because they have been configured to trust the certificate.Once in the network, the intruder then uses the administrative permissions acquired through the on-premises compromise to gain access to the organization’s global administrator account and/or trusted SAML token signing certificate. This enables the actor to forge SAML tokens that impersonate any of the organization’s existing users and accounts, including highly privileged accounts.Microsoft Defender now has detections for these files. This results in the attacker gaining a foothold in the network, which the attacker can use to gain elevated credentials. An intrusion through malicious code in the SolarWinds Orion product.
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Please see the Microsoft Product Protections and Resources section for additional investigative updates, guidance, and released protections.Īs we wrote in that blog, while these elements aren’t present in every attack, this is a summary of techniques that are part of the toolkit of this actor. This post contains technical details about the methods of the actor we believe was involved in Recent Nation-State Cyber Attacks, with the goal to enable the broader security community to hunt for activity in their networks and contribute to a shared defense against this sophisticated threat actor. Note: we are updating as the investigation continues.